Both the public and private sectors have focused considerable attention on health information technology (HIT) as a potential means of improving the quality, safety, and efficiency of healthcare. The purpose of this briefing paper is to assess the current status of HIT use in Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) nationally. This project is part of the federal Office of Rural Health Policy's initiative to implement national performance measures for the Medicare Rural Hospital Flexibility Program. It was conducted by the Flex Monitoring Team in collaboration with the Technical Assistance and Services Center (TASC) at the Rural Health Resource Center in Duluth, Minnesota. Data for the study came from a national survey of CAHs conducted in March and April 2006. Report produced by the Flex Monitoring Project, funded by the Office of Rural Health Policy.