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Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs)

Research Products & Journal Articles

Browse the full list of research publications on this topic completed by the Rural Health Research Centers.

Products – Freely accessible products include policy briefs, fact sheets, full reports, chartbooks, and interactive data websites.

Journal Articles – Articles in peer-reviewed journals may require a subscription or affiliation with a subscribing library. For these publications, Gateway lists the article citation, a brief summary, a link to additional information and access to the full-text of the article, if available.

2024

2023

  • Suitability of Low-Volume Rural Emergency Departments to New Rural Emergency Hospital Designation
    Journal Article
    North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center, Rapid Response to Requests for Rural Data Analysis
    Date: 09/2023
    The Rural Emergency Hospital is a new Medicare payment model that requires hospitals to focus on emergency, observation, and outpatient services in lieu of inpatient care. This study's exploratory objective was to examine care delivery from eligible hospitals to assess their fit with the new payment model.
  • Policy Implications of Fixed-to-Total-Cost Ratio Variation Across Rural and Urban Hospitals
    Journal Article
    RUPRI Center for Rural Health Policy Analysis
    Date: 05/2023
    This article utilizes hospital cost report data to estimate the relationship between adjusted volume and total costs of patient care. These results are used to estimate fixed-to-total-cost ratios for all nonfederal, short-term acute care hospitals in the U.S. These ratios were then stratified by rurality and Critical Access Hospital status.

2022

  • The Evolution of Hospital Designations and Payment in the U.S.: Implications for Rural Hospitals
    Report
    RUPRI Center for Rural Health Policy Analysis, RUPRI Health Panel: Rural Policy Analysis and Applications
    Date: 12/2022
    Medicare hospital payment policies affecting rural hospitals play a significant role in the financial viability of rural hospitals. This report provides an overview of historic and current Medicare rural hospital payment policies and alternative payment models to understand their impact on rural hospitals and the communities they serve.

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

2015

  • Rural Bypass for Elective Surgeries
    Journal Article
    RUPRI Center for Rural Health Policy Analysis
    Date: 11/2015
    Describes the elective surgical bypass rate, the procedures most commonly bypassed by rural residents, the distribution of volume among Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) that offer elective surgical services, and factors predictive of bypass.
  • The Rising Rate of Rural Hospital Closures
    Journal Article
    North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center
    Date: 07/2015
    Discusses the increase in rural hospital closure rates, including the causes of closures and its impact on rural communities.
  • Surgical Services in Critical Access Hospitals, 2011
    Policy Brief
    RUPRI Center for Rural Health Policy Analysis
    Date: 02/2015
    This brief describes the types and volume of major surgical services provided in critical access hospitals across four regionally representative states in 2011.
  • Financially Fragile Hospitals: Mergers and Closures
    Journal Article
    North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center
    Date: 01/2015
    Evaluates the causes of financial stress in rural hospitals, and describes the impact rural hospitals have on their communities. Also discusses the ways in which rural hospitals and communities have responded to this financial stress.
  • The Effect of Surgery on the Profitability of Rural Hospitals
    Journal Article
    North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center
    Date: 2015
    Presents research on the effect of providing surgery in rural hospitals. Examines the availability of surgery's effect on trauma outcomes and economies in rural communities.

2013

2012

2011

2010

2008

2007

  • Intensive Care in Critical Access Hospitals
    Journal Article
    North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center
    Date: 2007
    Describes the facilities, equipment, and staffing used by Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) for intensive care, the types of patients receiving ICU care, and the perceived impact of closing the ICU on CAH staff and the local community.
  • Patient Bypass Behavior and Critical Access Hospitals: Implications for Patient Retention
    Journal Article
    FORHP-funded Individual Grantees
    Date: 2007
    Describes the results of a study to assess the extent of bypass for inpatient care among patients living in Critical Access Hospital (CAH) service areas, and to determine factors associated with bypass, the reasons for bypass, and what CAHs can do to retain patients locally.
  • Use of Critical Access Hospital Emergency Rooms by Patients With Mental Health Symptoms
    Journal Article
    Maine Rural Health Research Center
    Date: 2007
    Describes the results of a study investigating the use of critical access hospital (CAH) emergency rooms by patients with mental health problems to understand the role these facilities play in rural mental health needs and the challenges they face.
  • Variations in Financial Performance Among Peer Groups of Critical Access Hospitals
    Journal Article
    North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center
    Date: 2007
    Reports findings from a study that investigated whether indicators of financial performance and condition systematically vary among peer groups of Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs).

2006

2005

2004

  • Comparative Performance Data for Critical Access Hospitals
    Journal Article
    Maine Rural Health Research Center, North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center
    Date: 2004
    Discusses the potential use of comparative performance data for critical access hospitals (CPD-CAH) to facilitate performance and quality improvement. Covers potential benefits and drawbacks of CPD-CH and identifies issues in the development and implementation of CPD-CAH.

2003

2001

  • Rural Hospital Flexibility Program: The Tracking Project Reports First-Year Findings
    Journal Article
    WWAMI Rural Health Research Center
    Date: 2001
    In 1999, the Rural Hospital Flexibility Program National Tracking Team made site visits to 24 critical access hospitals (CAHs) in order to determine the extent of program implementation in the states and the approaches that states, hospitals, and communities are taking in using the Flex Program to achieve improvements in rural healthcare.