Analyzes data from the Emergency Pediatric Services and Equipment Supplement(EPSES) to the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS). Rural and urban hospitals' responses were compared on various dimensions of pediatric ED care. We also surveyed 65 ED directors at rural hospitals in a separate process to explore rural pediatric ED care in more detail and to obtain the opinion of rural ED administrators regarding ways to assure quality emergency care for children.